Jurisprudence on the Right of Ownership and Possession - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2835 Downloads: 11 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Tags: Jurisprudence Essay Did you like this example? Right in ownership and possession Jurisprudence Introduction- The concept of ownership and possession is one of the fundamental juristic concepts common to all systems of law. This concept of ownership has been discussed by most of the writers before that of possession. However, it is not the right method. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Jurisprudence on the Right of Ownership and Possession" essay for you Create order The idea of possession came first in the minds of people and it was later on that the idea of ownership came into existence. The idea of ownership and possession developed with the development of the civilization in the world. When people are going from one place to other place so on that time they donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have this concept but when they stay in one place and live in the group, plants tree, cultivate land, use land for production and live in the community so the concert of ownership and possession came. According to some person the development of agriculture economy developed the idea of ownership but first the concept of possession came in the mind of the people then they think about the concept of ownership and developed the mechanism for ownership of the things. The concept of ownership was very old in all common law system all jurist discus the concept of possession and ownership and give their view on that point. The disputes arise that which concert came fi rst? Ownership or possession. According to historical school of jurisprudence the concert of possession came first and then after ownership come into existence, means the idea of ownership followed the idea of possession. Ownership is a complex juristic concept which has its origin in the Ancient Roman Law. In Roman law ownership and possession were respectively termed as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"dominiumà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"possessioà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. The term dominium denotes absolute right to a thing while possessio implied only physical control over it. In Roman law people gave more importance to ownership because in their opinion it is more important to have absolute right over a thing than to have physical control over it and same concept we are adopting in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world when the ownership of a goods is more important the possession because possession can shifted for one to other but ownership remain the hand of the same person because change the ow nership of goods take some legal formalities and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a difficult task in present era. Concept of ownership- The definition of ownership is expended by two jurist Austin and Salmon. According to one view, ownership is a relation which subsists between a person and a thing which is the object of ownership and other view said that ownership is a relation between a person and a right that is vested in him. Austin in his view said that ownership is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A right indefinite in point of user, unrestricted in point of disposition and unlimited in point of duration.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  He consider right to property as Right to rem which claim against the whole world. Austin when defining the concept of ownership has focused on the three main attributes, namely, indefinite user, unrestricted disposition and unlimited time of duration. In Crowhurst V. Amersham Burial Board[1] the court find the Amershan Burial board is liable and said that they are responsibl e for damage and they will pay the price of horse which died on account of eating a portion of tree planted by the Burail Board on its own land and around 4 feet from the boundary. Austin definition of ownership has been followed by Holland and he defined it as plenary control over an object. According to Holland an owner has three rights on the subjected owned: 1. Possession 2. Enjoyment 3. Disposition Keeton in his view said that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the right of ownership is a conception clearly easy to understand but difficult to define with exactitude.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ownership under Hindu law- According to Ancient Hindu law concept, jurist said much about the means of acquiring ownership. Manu declared that there are seven virtuous means of acquisition of wealth viz. inheritance, gain, purchase, conquest, application, employment of the work and of and acceptance of gifts from proper persons. Gautama gives almost the same seven ways of acquiring ownership but he puts som e modification to the list given by Manu. Rights in ownership- The rights of ownership is the most complete or supreme right that can be exercised over anything. It consists of four Rights[2] Using the things- ownership give the right to person to use the goods or things according to their will but each right have certain restriction so in this case if any person using their right of ownership it will on harm to others. Excluding others for using it- the owner of a goods have right to exclude others to use the things because the person is the sole owner of the thing and have batter title on the goods so he can authority to act to use his right. Disposing of the things- the owner of the things have rights to dispose the goods according to their will and he can use the thing according to his will and also dispose the goods but it cannot harm others. Destroying it- the person who is the owner of the goods have batter title of the goods and he can destroy it but question will arise that if any person have the ownership of the property how the can destroy it with affecting other and right. Some other thing is important for the ownership of the goods and it also consider under the rights and these are- The owner has the right to consume it. The owner has the right to alienate it. The owner has the right to transfer it. Ownership is for unlimited time of duration. In the concept of ownership the principle of nemo dat quod non[3] habit will apply and it said that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“no person can give a better title than which he himself has.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Concept of Possession- The theory of possession of John Locke is quite popular in studying possession. Locke advocates possession by saying that when a person mixes his labor with any object then he establishes ownership rights over such objects. This theory is easy to understand but it has some discrepancies. Firstly, prior to the following theory of ownership, it was not obvious that when labor is mixed with any object, the object is said to be owned by the person mixing the labor with it. Secondly, the labor performed on any such property, does not necessarily determine the rights of the owner in that particular case. A chimney sweeps who finds a ring may not be the owner of the ring, but his possessory right allows him to recover to the value of the stone set in the ring from a je weler who refuses to return it after it is handed to him for examination.[4] Possessionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is define as- the action or fact of possessing something or of being possessed. Depending on the context, the lexicographer maybe found to give meanings such as the following: the holding of something as oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own: actual occupancy as distinguished from ownership; a territory subject to a sovereign ruler or state; the fact of being possessed by a demon; the action of an idea or feeling possessing a person; the action of keeping oneself under control- as in self-possession.[5] According to many jurist à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Possession is the prima facie evidence of ownership, transfer of possession is one of the thing for modes of transferring ownership.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  But this definition is not true in every sense because some time people or the owner of the things is only intended to transfer the possession only but when we take it as the step of transferring th e ownership so it is wrong because for transferring the goods intention is require and in this case person is not intended to transfer the possession and he is only intended to giving the possession to other. The individual must necessarily have an intention to possess that object. An individual is also said to be in possession of some property but it doesnt imply ownership. Like ownership, the possession of things is often regulated and governed by states under the Property Law. Different meaning of the possession is given depending upon context and use. Savigny maintained that distinction between detention and possession follows from a proper analysis of the latter concept and built his doctrine on Paulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s text, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"apiscimur possessionem corpore et animo, neque per se animo but per se corporeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[6] The classical theory of jurisprudence talks about the elements which is necessary for the possession of the thing and according to this th eory possession is made up of two elements: firstly the corpus or element of physical control, secondly the animus or intent with which such control is exercised. Some jurist said that possession without ownership may have the utmost practical importance. Possession may create ownership, either by oeeupatio (the taking control of a res mulli-is) or by the expiration of a period of acquisitive prescription. More cover, possession is prima facie evidence of ownership, and he who would disturb a possessor must show either title or a better possessory right. Division of possession- Possession is divided into two categories 1. Possession in Fact. 2. Possession in law. Possession in facts means the person have actual or physical possession over a goods. It is a physical relation of a thing. Possession in law means possession in the eyes of law it means possession which is authorized and protected by law. In most of the cases both possession in fact and law are in the han d of the same person. But the dispute will arise when one person have factual possession and other have lawful possession over a goods. Ex. If a servant holds certain things in his custody on behalf of the master, he has the actual possession of the thing but in eyes of the de jure possession is in the hand of the master. In the case of The Privy Council in Perry vs. Clissold[7] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It cannot be disputed that a person in possession of land in the assumed character of owner and exercising peaceably the ordinary rights of ownership has a perfectly good title against all the world but the rightful owner and if the rightful owner does not come forward and assert his title by the process of law within the period prescribed by the provisions of the statute of Limitation applicable to the case, his right is forever extinguished and the possessory owner acquires an absolute title.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Nair Service Society Ltd. vs. K.C. Alexander[8] A similar view has be en consistently taken in India and the amendment of the Indian Limitation Act has given approval to the proposition accepted in the case of The Privy Council in Perry vs. Clissold and may be taken to be declaratory of the law in India.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Rights in Possession- 1. Effective control over goods- the possessor of the goods have control of the goods and no person can claim for his using of the goods because he have batter title on goods than others. In Bridges v. Hawkesworth[9] , a person found banknotes in a shop. The shopkeeper alleged that the person has committed theft. The bank notes were found in a shop that was a public place and it was decided that the bank notes are said to be in possession of the finder. Again, the judgment was widely criticized by many jurists because jurist said that the bank notes is find in public place and the person get the bank note have effective control over it and have possession of goods. 2. Right to enjoy- the possessor of go ods have right to enjoy his possession over goods and other cannot restricted him to use it except law give the power to others. Ex- if owner of tenant give the possession of the tenant to his servant, servant have right to enjoy the possession of the tenant. 3. Right to use it and restricted other to use it- possessor of the property have right to use of it according to the guidance of the owner and if there is not guidance so use it in the way that it will not harm to other and restrict other to use or destroy it. Ex. If the owner of the goods give the possession to his servant so the servant use it according to his will and restrict others to use it. 4.Intention to possess- the possessor of the property have some intention to possess the property and if he have no intention to possess it he cannot claim possession over the property. 5.Right to possess but other person have batter title so give it- the possessor of the property can use and enjoy the property but when other person can claim over the property and he proof batter title over it so he can leave his possession on the property. Distinction between Rights in ownership and possession- Ownership is a bundle of rights and obligations. These include the right to sell the ownership, or to divide the ownership or to prevent others from intruding upon the ownership, including possession. Possession is a physical control of some property that may or may not be owned by the person in possession at that moment. Sometimes possession can mature into ownership by the intentional abandonment of the ownership by the previous owner. However, possession by anyone other than the owner can typically be terminated at the discretion of the owner. For example, when you rent an apartment you have possession of the space within the rental and various related rights to come and go, park in the lot, etc. If the owner of the apartment wants to reclaim possession from you, there are legal procedures (e viction) for doing so. If the owner wants to prevent a criminal from entering your apartment, they may also have the right (if not obligation) to protect your possession, by using the laws of trespass against anyone not authorized to be in possession of your apartment or anything inside your apartment. Some landlords are unclear on this concept and falsely believe they can still enter a rented apartment because the own it, when the law would actually require them to stay out during the period in which they have granted the exclusive license of possession to you (i.e., a rental contract). Conclusion- Ownership and possession both are very debatable topic on the time of its origin and right given under both the topic is very debatable between the jurists of many countries. Henry Gorge in his view said that for private ownership of land as essential for social order and progress. George believed that under his proposed reform the private ownership of land would be replaced by private possession and his view is supported by Marxist theory of ownership and according to his theory no individual is the owner of certain things and something will be collectively enjoyed by the person o the can develop with the use of these thing. Karl Renner follow the Marxist analysis and talk about public character of ownership by amending the present law and with more importance to public law. Many jurist support the theory and said that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Possession is the objective realization of ownership. It is the external significance of ownership.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [10] Any if it is commonly enjoy by the people they will not poor in future and develop with the common possession of the goods. Government is unable to define the right in ownership and possession for every person and with the conversion of the land from public ownership to private ownership are creating many problem between the people and with the private ownership the poor become more poor and they are not enj oying their rights because government are restricted their rights of ownership and possession. So according to the present condition and changing in the situation government can change the law on ownership and possession and give the benefit to other who donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have the property to claim ownership and possession. Books- Dr. V.D.Mahajan, Jurispudence and legal theory (5th edn, 2011) Dr.N.V.Paranjape, Jurisprudence and legal theory (6th edn, 2011) Articles- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Possession as the Origin of Propertyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Carol M. Rose, Yale Law School, The University of Chicago Law Review. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Ownership and Possession in the Early Common Lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ,Joshua C. Tate,The American Journal of Legal History. Rights of Ownership or Rights of Use? The Need for a New CLynton K. Caldwell, onceptual Basis for Land Use Policy, Lynton K. Caldwell, William and Mary Law Review Common Property and Common Poverty, Chhatrapati Singh, Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Forests- Forest Dwellers and the law, OUP.New Delhi. 1 | Page [1] (1878), 4 Ex.D.5 [2] N. K. Jayakumar, Lecture on Jurisprudence,PP.217-218, Lexisnexis Butterworths (2006) [3] Quoted in N.D.Mahajan, Jurisprudence and Legal theory PP.367 [4] Armory v. Delamirle (1721). [5] The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (3rd dc.) vol. Ii, 1550. [6] Pollock and Wright, posssession,83 [7] (1907) AC 73, at 79 [8] AIR 1968 SC 1165 [9] Bridges v. Hawkesworth (1851) 21 L.J.Q.B. 75, 15 Jur. 1079. [10] Henry Georges Land Reform: The Distinction between Private Ownership and public possession. By JOHN PULLEN

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Heart Failure Congestive Heart Failure

Question: Discuss about the Heart Failure for Congestive Heart Failure. Answer: 1: In this case study, Mrs. Brown, a 78 years old female was admitted to the emergency department at 6am. She had a history of heart failure, 2 years ago. The patient showed severe dyspnoea, during the time of admission. Her respiratory rate was 24/minute. Oxygen saturation at room air was 85%. She showed the sign of hypertension with blood pressure 170/95 mmHg. Her pulse rate was also very fast, i.e. 110 beats/minute. On auscultation, crackles at the base of each lung have been shown. An ECG monitor showed atrial fibrillation, indicating acute exacerbation of heart failure. Her vital signs and clinical manifestation signs are indicating the left heart failure of the patient. Now, it is important to understand the pathophysiology causing Mrs. Browns condition. Heart failure is state o body, when the heart is not able to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of body. In the case of left heart failure, the function of left side of the heart, including left ventricle and auricle becomes impaired. The left heart failure compromises aortic flow to the boy and brain. Because of faulty blood circulation by the left part of the heart, the entire body fails to receive sufficient amount blood, leading to the oxygen-deficiency of heart tissues (McMurray et al., 2012). These events lead to fatigue and pulmonary edema. There are several factors having significant contribution in the pathogenesis of left heart failure. One of the significant factors in case of Mrs. Browns case study was her high blood pressure. According to her vital signs during the admission, she had 170/95 mmHg blood pressure. This high blood pressure had a significant contribution in left heart failure. Left heart failure or left ventricular failure is considered as a life-t hreatening disease. In case of Mrs. Brown, she experienced the left ventricular heart failure. Her medical history shown that she started to feel breathlessness after waking up in the morning. The left ventricle of heart receives blood, rich in oxygen from the lungs and pumps it to left auricle, from where the blood is being pumped to the other parts f the body. As the ability of heart to pump blood forward from the left side has been decreased, the remainder of the body does not receive sufficient oxygen, which results in fatigue. Systolic and diastolic dysfunctions are the key reasons behind left heart failure. When the myocardial contractility takes place in the left ventricle, reduction in myocardial contractility promotes decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. Reduced contractility is caused as a result of ventricle overload, as the ventricle is filled with blood, heart muscle contraction efficiency becomes low. It is caused because of inability or decreased capability of heart muscle to establish cross-link between actin and myosin filaments in overstretched heart muscle. The cardiac output is based on the contractility and stroke volume (Hosenpud Greenberg, 2015). These factors are interrelated. Increase in contractility enhances stroke volume, thereby decreasing the cardiac output, which in turn leads to left heart failure. On the other hand, decreased diastolic volume results from impaired ventricular filling, which is occurred due to lowered compliance of ventricle. Terminally differentiated heart muscle fibers causes increased size of myocardium or hypertrophy, which is a way of improving contractility. It can contribute to increased stiffness and reduced ability to relax during diastole. It results in reduced cardiac output and enhanced strain on heart, thereby enhancing the chance of heart failure (Guazzi Borlaug, 2012). In the case of Mrs. Brown, impaired contractility and increased metabolic rate might caused the condition. She has a history of heart failure, however, she failed to maintain her blood pressure low or inadequate intake of diuretics might contributed in enhanced circulatory volume, leading to left heart failure. 2: Mrs. Brown was admitted to the emergency department with vital signs of acute congestive heart failure. Therefore, the first priority of the nurse would be to assess the patients physical and mental stability through a thorough assessment. After her admission, the nurse would assess all her vital signs including BP, BGL, mental status, consciousness, pain or angina, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and previous medication. The nurse would also have to assess her heart sounds, presence of abnormal heart sounds, fluid overload and arrange the environment in such a way that can promote rest and emotional strengthening (Katz, 2013). The next intervention would be the management of dyspnea. The nurse would assist Mrs. Brown to decrease dyspnea. Administration of oxygen will be done after consulting with the cardiologist. The nurse can elevate her head to promote comfort and continuously monitor and report the signs of dyspnea. After consulting with the cardiologist, appropriate dose of diuretics can be administered along with the assessment of side effects. Mrs. Brown would be encouraged to intake adequate fluid as ordered by the physician and monitored for fluid overload (Rahko, 2013). 3: a) Furosemide is a loop diuretic that blocks sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2), present in the thick ascending limb of Henles loop, thereby inhibiting water reabsorption in nephron. As pulmonary edema is one step in pathogenesis of heart failure, the diuretic helps to retain water in body. Glyceryl trinitrate is a vasodilating agent, which is used for relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. The dilation of arterial bed would lead to reduced blood pressure, respiratory rate as well as decreased pulse rate (Uil Brugts, 2015). While assessing Mrs. Browns vital signs, it was revealed that these factors were elevated in case of Mrs. Brown, thus, the medication would help to reduce the worsening of the health issue. b) According to the pharmacology of furosamide, the drug has adverse effect like nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, weight loss and enhanced heart rate. Monitoring her vital signs regularly, the adverse effects can be measured. On the other hand, Glyceryl trinitrates adverse effects include headache, elevated heart beat, loss of consciousness temporarily and diarrhea. Monitoring heart beat regularly; the adverse effects can be monitored (Uzu et al., 2011). c) As Mrs. Brown represented the vital signs related to pulmonary edema, thus water retention is important for enhancing her cardiac output and reducing edema. The effect of the medication can be evaluated by assessing the relief of the elevated blood pressure, thereby reducing the signs of dyspnea and respiratory rate. On the other hand, glyceryl trinitrate is important for dilating the blood vessels and thereby lowering the blood pressure and pulse rate (Peacock, 2012). Reference List Guazzi, M., Borlaug, B. A. (2012). Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease.Circulation,126(8), 975-990. Hosenpud, J., Greenberg, Barry H. (2015).Congestive Heart Failure(3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health. Katz, S. (2013).Heart failure : A practical guide for diagnosis and management(Oxford American cardiology library). McMurray, J. J., Adamopoulos, S., Anker, S. D., Auricchio, A., Bhm, M., Dickstein, K., ... Jaarsma, T. (2012). ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012.European journal of heart failure,14(8), 803-869. Peacock, W. (2012).Short Stay Management of Acute Heart Failure(2nd ed., Contemporary Cardiology). Totowa: Springer. Rahko, P.(2013).Heart Failure A Case-Based Approach. New York: Demos Medical Publishing. Uil, C., Brugts, A. (2015). Impact of Intravenous Nitroglycerin in the Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure.Current Heart Failure Reports,12(1), 87-93. Uzu, T., Araki, S., Isshiki, K., Maegawa, H. (2011). Furosemide-associated nephrocalcinosis and renal cysts.Kidney International,80(5), 556.

Public Health Pigment Containing Development

Question: Describe about the Public Health for Pigment Containing Development. Answer: Introduction: Melanoma is also known as malignant melanoma. It is one type of cancer which is developed from the pigment containing cells called melanocytes (Cichorek et al., 2013). Melanocytes are present in the bottom layer of the epidermis of the skin and are responsible for the production of melanin (Bttcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Haberzeth et al., 2015). Melanin is a type of pigment principally responsible for the colour of the skin. Mainly the skin is affected by melanoma (Paradisi et al., 2014). It is evident from the reports that commonly melanoma occurs in the back of the men and in the legs of the woman (Chiarugi et al., 2015). Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer. The main reason behind Melanoma is exposure to Ultra Violet light (Liu et al., 2013). The UV light develops an unrepaired DNA damage to the skin cell. Melanoma is mainly prevalent among the non-indigenous people with an age more than 85years. In this assignment a detailed description will be done on an innovative project plan to promote education related to cancer awareness and prevention among the non-indigenous people of age more than 85 years. Discussion: Recent studies shows that around 13, 283 new cases of melanoma have been reported in the year 2016 among which 7847 were males and 5436 were female (Hibler et al., 2016). Melanoma skin cancer normally increases with increase in the age. Figure: Age specific incidence rates of melanoma skin cancer (source: Drug strategy, 2016) Melanoma is often referred to Australia national cancer because Australia has one of highest rates of melanoma in the world (Sitas et al., 2013). The third most common cancer among Australia men is melanoma after bowel and prostate. It is also the third most cancer among the woman of Australia after breast and bowel cancer. Therefore, it can be said that melanoma is the fourth most common type of cancer after prostate, bowel, and breast cancer. In the year 2016 it is found that around 13000 Australian are expected to diagnose with melanoma (Noor et al., 2016). Every day over 30 Australians are diagnosed with melanoma and more than 1200 Australians dies from melanoma every year (Mar et al., 2013). However no one tries to understand the seriousness of melanoma unless and until melanoma have a direct impact on the life of the particular individual. This type of cancer is more prevalent among the non- indigenous people of Australia of age above 85 years. Therefore, an education on cancer awareness and prevention should be promoted to make the aged non-indigenous people of Australia aware about melanoma cancer. To make the aged non-indigenous people of Australia aware about cancer an innovativehealth promotion project plan should be made in to practice. The planning is divided into three parts. Part 1, part 2 and part 3. The first part includes identification of the specific reason behind the frequentness of the disease among the targeted groups. A consultation should be made with the people present inside and out the group who have the knowledge health issues of the most of the aged person of the community and knows the individuals who are affected by melanoma cancer. Information from a variety of sources should be collected and analyzed and judge what should be the primary focus of the program and give an idea what must be the nature, scope and style of the program might be. It should always keep mind that the proposed program contributes to the overall strategic direction of the Local Health Services. The benefit of this type of an innovativehealth promotion project plan is that it will make the agency able to gather the adequate information about outcomes of the treatments present, understand the effectiveness of the care given the patient, to understand what the improvements are required to make the treatment procedure more efficient, and how can the quality of the care community health programs can be improved. A cancer support group of the caregiver should be prepared to support the cancer patient. This group includes health promotion staffs, hospital staffs, public health staff, community health staff, volunteer networks, Non- government agencies, and local doctors. Also the demographic data must be collected so that it can be decided that which is affected most. To get this demographic data information like age, place of residence, gender, educational level, occupation status, ethnic background, income, and aboriginality should be collected. On this basis of these information it has to be decided that in which portion of the group there is a requirement of special attention. The people present in the that portion of the group should be made aware of the harmful effect of the ultra violet light and how it contribute in the causing the melanoma. It has to be made underst and that to be open for more time span in the sun may be one of the most effective of the melanoma. An educational session on the specific topics related to treatment and prevention of the chances of melanoma should be given to the people. The people should be made more aware that they does not work for a lot of time under the sun, do not allow their children to play under the sun and make it into practice that the children should play without hat. The second part involves designing of the style, language and level of promotion of awareness. It is required to find out in this part of the planning that what are the resources required to effectively conduct the program. This part also deals with the decision of the roles of the people involved in this program. The organization committee should decide in this part that whether the designed program is realistic and will it be effective within the organization in which it will work. The main goal of this part of the strategy is to develop personal skill of the aged people so that they can easily recognize any symptom of melanoma, the community action should also be made strong by providing all the people of the community with the knowledge and information to treat the patient suffering from melanoma, so that prompt action can be taken when some encounters melanoma. The main criteria of the this part of the program to provide the aged melanoma patient supportive environment so that t hey become enough strong to fight the disease and in the cases of extreme melanoma this supportive environment will help the patient to spend their rest of life with little enjoyment and satisfaction. A healthy public policy should be prepared in this part of the program. This can achieved by organizing a training program on how to treat the melanoma patient, what are symptoms of melanoma, how they can be identified, what are the preventive measures, when it is the correct time to hire a consultant and what might be the immediate activity as anyone is found to have melanoma. This portion of the program comprises five main motives these are Specific Measurable Achievable Relevant and Time specific (SMART system). The third section of the planning deal with the organization of the strategies that is what may be the sequence of the task and what will be the public health promotion management perspectives. To perform this a time frame should be constructed and a communication strategy must be developed. To establish the sequence of the program the responsibilities, allocating resources, and roles should be clarified clearly. This will also ensure the effective monitor over the progress of the program. To make an effective time frame time should not waste much in the recruitment and travel rather education awareness should be increased in the people present locally so that they can be helpful in the treatment when required. The consultant recruited should be very efficient so that they can elaborately explain the cause, effect, and the prevention procedure to the aged people who are totally unaware of melanoma. Seminar, workshop, conferences should be arranged to provide the aged people with exce llent knowledge about the disease. Information should be displayed in the popular places like shopping centers, community notice board, sports events, school visit, and in local fairs. Information and awareness should also be displayed in the local media, newspaper, radio, television and in the mass media because media is the best way to communicate with the people. The program should also make it easily accessible for the aged patient to reach and discuss their problem freely with the doctors, health service staffs and executives. The main message or theme of this program for the middle aged and old aged person is NO HAT NO WORK and it should be monitored that every employment giving company is following and supporting this message. While organizing all this it should be kept in mind that which are the portion of the people who are going to be affected due to this project program this portion of people are not only the patient but also includes the doctors, supporting staffs, all t he executives and all the people including the children present in the targeted community. So it should be takin into care that no activity of the program may not hamper the daily activity of the all the other people associated with this program. Where time is getting used up the most and how it can be reduced. The task which are not getting fully completed have to be found out and should be systematically completed on the first priority. In this respect if it is required then the over whelming tasks can be broken in to small manageable components and distributed among the concerned person. Always supervision to the staff performance should be done because it will help to find out and rectify the drawback of the program. Conclusion: The evaluation of this program should on the basis of the development of the Political, economic and social factors of the community that are related to the tolat health issues of the community. These environment factors are very important for both the development and directions of this program and in terms of the campaign messages receptivity of the community. The central aspect of this program depends upon the success of the whole community to gain the capacity to stimulate the change in social values of the people of the community. This capacity of the community will be achieved when there will be a presence of a number of trained staffs, who have an uncontroversial focus on cancer and can run the prevention program very efficiently, and there will be an established infrastructure to support and resource an expanded or new campaign. This can be achieved by the involvement of some non-governmental organization along with the government organization to promote this type of program. The program should also include the implementation and introduction of awareness policies in the workplace, in local government area, in the school and thus enable the children to understand melanoma, to develop appropriate skill among the young, middle aged person and old peoples and to make them understand the benefit of working in collaboration to fight against such a fatal disease like melanoma. Reference: Bttcherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Haberzeth, S., Biedermann, T., Klar, A. S., Widmer, D. S., Neuhaus, K., Schiestl, C., ... Reichmann, E. (2015). Characterization of pigmented dermoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ epidermal skin substitutes in a longà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ term in vivo assay. Experimental dermatology, 24(1), 16-21. Chiarugi, A., Quaglino, P., Crocetti, E., Nardini, P., De Giorgi, V., Borgognoni, L., ... Pimpinelli, N. (2015). Melanoma density and relationship with the distribution of melanocytic naevi in an Italian population: a GIPMe studythe Italian multidisciplinary group on melanoma. Melanoma research, 25(1), 80-87. Cichorek, M., Wachulska, M., Stasiewicz, A., Tyminska, A. (2013). Skin melanocytes: biology and development. Postepy Dermatol Alergol, 30(1), 30-41. Drug strategy, N. (2016). National Drug Strategy Household Survey detailed report: 2013 (AIHW). Aihw.gov.au. Retrieved 7 September 2016, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=60129549469tab=3 Hibler, B. P., Dusza, S. W., Wang, S. Q. (2016). Photoprotection and Skin Cancer Prevention. In Principles and Practice of Photoprotection (pp. 23-38). Springer International Publishing. Liu, F., Bessonova, L., Taylor, T. H., Ziogas, A., Meyskens, F. L., Antonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Culver, H. (2013). A unique gender difference in early onset melanoma implies that in addition to ultraviolet light exposure other causative factors are important. Pigment cell melanoma research, 26(1), 128-135. Mar, V., Roberts, H., Wolfe, R., English, D. R., Kelly, J. W. (2013). Nodular melanoma: a distinct clinical entity and the largest contributor to melanoma deaths in Victoria, Australia. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 68(4), 568-575. Noor, M. R. M., Hseon, T. E., Jeffrey, L. J. H. (Eds.). (2016). Gynaecologic Cancer: A Handbook for Students and Practitioners. CRC Press. Paradisi, A., Tabolli, S., Didona, B., Sobrino, L., Russo, N., Abeni, D. (2014). Markedly reduced incidence of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer in a nonconcurrent cohort of 10,040 patients with vitiligo. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 71(6), 1110-1116. Sitas, F., Gibberd, A., Kahn, C., Weber, M. F., Chiew, M., Supramaniam, R., ... Smith, M. A. (2013). Cancer incidence and mortality in people aged less than 75 years: Changes in Australia over the period 19872007. Cancer epidemiology, 37(6), 780-787.